Complete list of Nobel Prize laureates across Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics from 1901 to present.
Year | Category | Laureate | Country | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Physics | John J. Hopfield | USA | For foundational discoveries enabling machine learning with artificial neural networks |
| 2024 | Physics | Geoffrey E. Hinton | UK/Canada | For foundational discoveries enabling machine learning with artificial neural networks |
| 2024 | Chemistry | David Baker | USA | For computational protein design |
| 2024 | Chemistry | Demis Hassabis | UK | For protein structure prediction using AI |
| 2024 | Chemistry | John M. Jumper | USA | For protein structure prediction using AI |
| 2024 | Medicine | Victor Ambros | USA | For discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation |
| 2024 | Medicine | Gary Ruvkun | USA | For discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation |
| 2024 | Literature | Han Kang | South Korea | For intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas |
| 2024 | Peace | Nihon Hidankyo | Japan | For efforts of atomic bomb survivors toward a nuclear-weapon-free world |
| 2024 | Economics | Daron Acemoglu | USA | For studies on how institutions are formed and affect prosperity |
| 2024 | Economics | Simon Johnson | USA | For studies on how institutions are formed and affect prosperity |
| 2024 | Economics | James A. Robinson | USA | For studies on how institutions are formed and affect prosperity |
| 2023 | Physics | Pierre Agostini | France/USA | For experimental methods generating attosecond light pulses |
| 2023 | Physics | Ferenc Krausz | Hungary/Austria | For experimental methods generating attosecond light pulses |
| 2023 | Physics | Anne L'Huillier | France/Sweden | For experimental methods generating attosecond light pulses |
| 2023 | Chemistry | Moungi G. Bawendi | USA | For discovery and synthesis of quantum dots |
| 2023 | Chemistry | Louis E. Brus | USA | For discovery and synthesis of quantum dots |
| 2023 | Chemistry | Alexei I. Ekimov | Russia/USA | For discovery and synthesis of quantum dots |
| 2023 | Medicine | Katalin Karikó | Hungary/USA | For discoveries enabling effective mRNA vaccines |
| 2023 | Medicine | Drew Weissman | USA | For discoveries enabling effective mRNA vaccines |
| 2023 | Literature | Jon Fosse | Norway | For innovative plays and prose giving voice to the unsayable |
| 2023 | Peace | Narges Mohammadi | Iran | For fight against oppression of women in Iran |
| 2023 | Economics | Claudia Goldin | USA | For advancing understanding of women's labour market outcomes |
| 2022 | Physics | Alain Aspect | France | For experiments with entangled photons violating Bell inequalities |
| 2022 | Physics | John F. Clauser | USA | For experiments with entangled photons violating Bell inequalities |
| 2022 | Physics | Anton Zeilinger | Austria | For experiments with entangled photons violating Bell inequalities |
| 2022 | Chemistry | Carolyn R. Bertozzi | USA | For development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry |
| 2022 | Chemistry | Morten Meldal | Denmark | For development of click chemistry |
| 2022 | Chemistry | K. Barry Sharpless | USA | For development of click chemistry |
| 2022 | Medicine | Svante Pääbo | Sweden | For discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins |
| 2022 | Literature | Annie Ernaux | France | For the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots of personal memory |
| 2022 | Peace | Ales Bialiatski | Belarus | For defending human rights in their home countries |
| 2022 | Peace | Memorial | Russia | For defending human rights in their home countries |
| 2022 | Peace | Center for Civil Liberties | Ukraine | For defending human rights in their home countries |
| 2022 | Economics | Ben S. Bernanke | USA | For research on banks and financial crises |
| 2022 | Economics | Douglas W. Diamond | USA | For research on banks and financial crises |
| 2022 | Economics | Philip H. Dybvig | USA | For research on banks and financial crises |
| 2021 | Physics | Syukuro Manabe | Japan/USA | For physical modelling of Earth's climate and global warming |
| 2021 | Physics | Klaus Hasselmann | Germany | For physical modelling of Earth's climate and variability |
| 2021 | Physics | Giorgio Parisi | Italy | For discovery of interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems |
| 2021 | Chemistry | Benjamin List | Germany | For development of asymmetric organocatalysis |
| 2021 | Chemistry | David W.C. MacMillan | UK/USA | For development of asymmetric organocatalysis |
| 2021 | Medicine | David Julius | USA | For discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch |
| 2021 | Medicine | Ardem Patapoutian | Lebanon/USA | For discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch |
| 2021 | Literature | Abdulrazak Gurnah | Tanzania/UK | For uncompromising and compassionate penetration of colonialism's effects |
| 2021 | Peace | Maria Ressa | Philippines | For efforts to safeguard freedom of expression |
| 2021 | Peace | Dmitry Muratov | Russia | For efforts to safeguard freedom of expression |
| 2021 | Economics | David Card | Canada/USA | For empirical contributions to labour economics |
| 2021 | Economics | Joshua D. Angrist | USA | For methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships |
| 2021 | Economics | Guido W. Imbens | Netherlands/USA | For methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships |
| 2020 | Physics | Roger Penrose | UK | For discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of general relativity |
| 2020 | Physics | Reinhard Genzel | Germany | For discovery of supermassive compact object at centre of our galaxy |
| 2020 | Physics | Andrea Ghez | USA | For discovery of supermassive compact object at centre of our galaxy |
| 2020 | Chemistry | Emmanuelle Charpentier | France | For development of CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors |
| 2020 | Chemistry | Jennifer A. Doudna | USA | For development of CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors |
| 2020 | Medicine | Harvey J. Alter | USA | For discovery of Hepatitis C virus |
| 2020 | Medicine | Michael Houghton | UK | For discovery of Hepatitis C virus |
| 2020 | Medicine | Charles M. Rice | USA | For discovery of Hepatitis C virus |
| 2020 | Literature | Louise Glück | USA | For unmistakable poetic voice that makes individual existence universal |
| 2020 | Peace | World Food Programme | International | For efforts to combat hunger and conflict-affected populations |
| 2020 | Economics | Paul R. Milgrom | USA | For improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats |
| 2020 | Economics | Robert B. Wilson | USA | For improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats |
| 2019 | Physics | James Peebles | Canada/USA | For theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology |
| 2019 | Physics | Michel Mayor | Switzerland | For discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star |
| 2019 | Physics | Didier Queloz | Switzerland | For discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star |
| 2019 | Chemistry | John B. Goodenough | USA | For development of lithium-ion batteries |
| 2019 | Chemistry | M. Stanley Whittingham | UK/USA | For development of lithium-ion batteries |
| 2019 | Chemistry | Akira Yoshino | Japan | For development of lithium-ion batteries |
| 2019 | Medicine | William G. Kaelin Jr. | USA | For discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability |
| 2019 | Medicine | Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe | UK | For discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability |
| 2019 | Medicine | Gregg L. Semenza | USA | For discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability |
| 2019 | Literature | Peter Handke | Austria | For influential work that explored the periphery and specificity of human experience |
| 2019 | Peace | Abiy Ahmed Ali | Ethiopia | For efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation |
| 2019 | Economics | Abhijit Banerjee | India/USA | For experimental approach to alleviating global poverty |
| 2019 | Economics | Esther Duflo | France/USA | For experimental approach to alleviating global poverty |
| 2019 | Economics | Michael Kremer | USA | For experimental approach to alleviating global poverty |
| 2018 | Physics | Arthur Ashkin | USA | For optical tweezers and application to biological systems |
| 2018 | Physics | Gérard Mourou | France | For method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses |
| 2018 | Physics | Donna Strickland | Canada | For method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses |
| 2018 | Chemistry | Frances H. Arnold | USA | For directed evolution of enzymes |
| 2018 | Chemistry | George P. Smith | USA | For phage display of peptides and antibodies |
| 2018 | Chemistry | Sir Gregory P. Winter | UK | For phage display of antibodies |
| 2018 | Medicine | James P. Allison | USA | For discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation |
| 2018 | Medicine | Tasuku Honjo | Japan | For discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation |
| 2018 | Literature | Olga Tokarczuk | Poland | For narrative imagination representing crossing of boundaries |
| 2018 | Peace | Denis Mukwege | DR Congo | For efforts to end sexual violence as a weapon of war |
| 2018 | Peace | Nadia Murad | Iraq | For efforts to end sexual violence as a weapon of war |
| 2018 | Economics | William D. Nordhaus | USA | For integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis |
| 2018 | Economics | Paul M. Romer | USA | For integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis |
| 2017 | Physics | Rainer Weiss | USA | For decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and observation of gravitational waves |
| 2017 | Physics | Barry C. Barish | USA | For decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and observation of gravitational waves |
| 2017 | Physics | Kip S. Thorne | USA | For decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and observation of gravitational waves |
| 2017 | Chemistry | Jacques Dubochet | Switzerland | For developing cryo-electron microscopy |
| 2017 | Chemistry | Joachim Frank | Germany/USA | For developing cryo-electron microscopy |
| 2017 | Chemistry | Richard Henderson | UK | For developing cryo-electron microscopy |
| 2017 | Medicine | Jeffrey C. Hall | USA | For discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm |
| 2017 | Medicine | Michael Rosbash | USA | For discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm |
| 2017 | Medicine | Michael W. Young | USA | For discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm |
| 2017 | Literature | Kazuo Ishiguro | UK/Japan | For novels of great emotional force uncovering the abyss beneath our sense of connection |
| 2017 | Peace | International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons | International | For work to draw attention to catastrophic humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons |
| 2017 | Economics | Richard H. Thaler | USA | For contributions to behavioural economics |
| 2016 | Physics | David J. Thouless | UK/USA | For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions |
| 2016 | Physics | F. Duncan M. Haldane | UK/USA | For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions |
| 2016 | Physics | J. Michael Kosterlitz | UK/USA | For theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions |
| 2016 | Chemistry | Jean-Pierre Sauvage | France | For design and synthesis of molecular machines |
| 2016 | Chemistry | Sir J. Fraser Stoddart | UK/USA | For design and synthesis of molecular machines |
| 2016 | Chemistry | Bernard L. Feringa | Netherlands | For design and synthesis of molecular machines |
| 2016 | Medicine | Yoshinori Ohsumi | Japan | For discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy |
| 2016 | Literature | Bob Dylan | USA | For having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition |
| 2016 | Peace | Juan Manuel Santos | Colombia | For resolute efforts to end Colombia's civil war |
| 2016 | Economics | Oliver Hart | UK/USA | For contributions to contract theory |
| 2016 | Economics | Bengt R. Holmström | Finland | For contributions to contract theory |
| 2015 | Physics | Takaaki Kajita | Japan | For discovery of neutrino oscillations showing neutrinos have mass |
| 2015 | Physics | Arthur B. McDonald | Canada | For discovery of neutrino oscillations showing neutrinos have mass |
| 2015 | Chemistry | Tomas Lindahl | Sweden/UK | For mechanistic studies of DNA repair |
| 2015 | Chemistry | Paul Modrich | USA | For mechanistic studies of DNA repair |
| 2015 | Chemistry | Aziz Sancar | Turkey/USA | For mechanistic studies of DNA repair |
| 2015 | Medicine | William C. Campbell | Ireland/USA | For discoveries of novel therapy against roundworm parasites |
| 2015 | Medicine | Satoshi ĹŚmura | Japan | For discoveries of novel therapy against roundworm parasites |
| 2015 | Medicine | Youyou Tu | China | For discoveries of novel therapy against malaria |
| 2015 | Literature | Svetlana Alexievich | Belarus | For polyphonic writings as a monument to suffering and courage in our time |
| 2015 | Peace | Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet | Tunisia | For contribution to pluralistic democracy following the Jasmine Revolution |
| 2015 | Economics | Angus Deaton | UK/USA | For analysis of consumption poverty and welfare |
| 2010 | Physics | Andre Geim | Russia/Netherlands | For groundbreaking experiments regarding graphene |
| 2010 | Physics | Konstantin Novoselov | Russia/UK | For groundbreaking experiments regarding graphene |
| 2010 | Chemistry | Richard F. Heck | USA | For palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis |
| 2010 | Chemistry | Ei-ichi Negishi | Japan/USA | For palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis |
| 2010 | Chemistry | Akira Suzuki | Japan | For palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis |
| 2010 | Medicine | Robert G. Edwards | UK | For development of in vitro fertilization |
| 2010 | Literature | Mario Vargas Llosa | Peru | For cartography of structures of power and trenchant images of individual resistance |
| 2010 | Peace | Liu Xiaobo | China | For long non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China |
| 2010 | Economics | Peter A. Diamond | USA | For analysis of markets with search frictions |
| 2010 | Economics | Dale T. Mortensen | USA | For analysis of markets with search frictions |
| 2010 | Economics | Christopher A. Pissarides | Cyprus/UK | For analysis of markets with search frictions |
| 2005 | Physics | Roy J. Glauber | USA | For quantum theory of optical coherence |
| 2005 | Physics | John L. Hall | USA | For contributions to development of laser-based precision spectroscopy |
| 2005 | Physics | Theodor W. Hänsch | Germany | For contributions to development of laser-based precision spectroscopy |
| 2005 | Chemistry | Yves Chauvin | France | For development of metathesis method in organic synthesis |
| 2005 | Chemistry | Robert H. Grubbs | USA | For development of metathesis method in organic synthesis |
| 2005 | Chemistry | Richard R. Schrock | USA | For development of metathesis method in organic synthesis |
| 2005 | Medicine | Barry J. Marshall | Australia | For discovery of bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis |
| 2005 | Medicine | J. Robin Warren | Australia | For discovery of bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis |
| 2005 | Literature | Harold Pinter | UK | For plays that uncover the precipice under everyday prattle |
| 2005 | Peace | International Atomic Energy Agency | International | For efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes |
| 2005 | Peace | Mohamed ElBaradei | Egypt | For efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes |
| 2005 | Economics | Robert J. Aumann | Israel/USA | For enhancing understanding of conflict and cooperation through game theory |
| 2005 | Economics | Thomas C. Schelling | USA | For enhancing understanding of conflict and cooperation through game theory |
| 2000 | Physics | Zhores I. Alferov | Russia | For basic work on information and communication technology |
| 2000 | Physics | Herbert Kroemer | Germany/USA | For basic work on information and communication technology |
| 2000 | Physics | Jack S. Kilby | USA | For his part in the invention of the integrated circuit |
| 2000 | Chemistry | Alan J. Heeger | USA | For discovery and development of conductive polymers |
| 2000 | Chemistry | Alan G. MacDiarmid | New Zealand/USA | For discovery and development of conductive polymers |
| 2000 | Chemistry | Hideki Shirakawa | Japan | For discovery and development of conductive polymers |
| 2000 | Medicine | Arvid Carlsson | Sweden | For discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system |
| 2000 | Medicine | Paul Greengard | USA | For discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system |
| 2000 | Medicine | Eric R. Kandel | USA | For discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system |
| 2000 | Literature | Gao Xingjian | China/France | For an oeuvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity |
| 2000 | Peace | Kim Dae-jung | South Korea | For work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and East Asia |
| 2000 | Economics | James J. Heckman | USA | For development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples |
| 2000 | Economics | Daniel L. McFadden | USA | For development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice |
| 1990 | Physics | Jerome I. Friedman | USA | For pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons |
| 1990 | Physics | Henry W. Kendall | USA | For pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons |
| 1990 | Physics | Richard E. Taylor | Canada | For pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons |
| 1990 | Chemistry | Elias James Corey | USA | For theory and methodology of organic synthesis |
| 1990 | Medicine | Joseph E. Murray | USA | For discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in treatment of disease |
| 1990 | Medicine | E. Donnall Thomas | USA | For discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in treatment of disease |
| 1990 | Literature | Octavio Paz | Mexico | For impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensory intelligence |
| 1990 | Peace | Mikhail Gorbachev | USSR | For leading role in peace process which characterizes important part of the international community today |
| 1990 | Economics | Harry M. Markowitz | USA | For pioneering work in theory of financial economics |
| 1990 | Economics | Merton H. Miller | USA | For pioneering work in theory of financial economics |
| 1990 | Economics | William F. Sharpe | USA | For pioneering work in theory of financial economics |
| 1980 | Physics | James W. Cronin | USA | For discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in decay of neutral K-mesons |
| 1980 | Physics | Val L. Fitch | USA | For discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in decay of neutral K-mesons |
| 1980 | Chemistry | Paul Berg | USA | For fundamental studies of biochemistry of nucleic acids |
| 1980 | Chemistry | Walter Gilbert | USA | For contributions to determination of base sequences in nucleic acids |
| 1980 | Chemistry | Frederick Sanger | UK | For determination of base sequences in nucleic acids |
| 1980 | Medicine | Baruj Benacerraf | USA | For discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on cell surface that regulate immunological reactions |
| 1980 | Medicine | Jean Dausset | France | For discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on cell surface that regulate immunological reactions |
| 1980 | Medicine | George D. Snell | USA | For discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on cell surface that regulate immunological reactions |
| 1980 | Literature | Czesław Miłosz | Poland/USA | For voice in which he exposes the vulnerability of man in conflict with a world of strife |
| 1980 | Peace | Adolfo Pérez Esquivel | Argentina | For supporting the struggle for human rights in Latin America |
| 1980 | Economics | Lawrence R. Klein | USA | For creation of econometric models and application to analysis of economic fluctuations |
| 1970 | Physics | Hannes Alfvén | Sweden | For fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydrodynamics with fruitful applications in plasma physics |
| 1970 | Physics | Louis Néel | France | For fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism |
| 1970 | Chemistry | Luis F. Leloir | Argentina | For discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in biosynthesis of carbohydrates |
| 1970 | Medicine | Ulf von Euler | Sweden | For discoveries concerning humoral transmitters in nerve terminals |
| 1970 | Medicine | Julius Axelrod | USA | For discoveries concerning humoral transmitters in nerve terminals |
| 1970 | Medicine | Sir Bernard Katz | UK | For discoveries concerning humoral transmitters in nerve terminals |
| 1970 | Literature | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn | USSR | For ethical force with which he pursued indispensable traditions of Russian literature |
| 1970 | Peace | Norman E. Borlaug | USA | For introducing high-yielding varieties of wheat and improving food production |
| 1970 | Economics | Paul A. Samuelson | USA | For scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory |
| 1960 | Physics | Donald A. Glaser | USA | For invention of bubble chamber |
| 1960 | Chemistry | Willard F. Libby | USA | For method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics |
| 1960 | Medicine | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet | Australia | For discovery of acquired immunological tolerance |
| 1960 | Medicine | Peter Brian Medawar | UK | For discovery of acquired immunological tolerance |
| 1960 | Literature | Saint-John Perse | France | For soaring flight and evocative imagery of his poetry which in visionary fashion reflects conditions of our time |
| 1960 | Peace | Albert Lutuli | South Africa | For non-violent struggle against apartheid |
| 1950 | Physics | Cecil Frank Powell | UK | For development of photographic method of studying nuclear processes and discoveries of meson |
| 1950 | Chemistry | Otto Paul Hermann Diels | Germany | For discovery and development of diene synthesis |
| 1950 | Chemistry | Kurt Alder | Germany | For discovery and development of diene synthesis |
| 1950 | Medicine | Philip S. Hench | USA | For discoveries relating to hormones of the adrenal cortex |
| 1950 | Medicine | Edward C. Kendall | USA | For discoveries relating to hormones of the adrenal cortex |
| 1950 | Medicine | Tadeus Reichstein | Poland/Switzerland | For discoveries relating to hormones of the adrenal cortex |
| 1950 | Literature | Bertrand Russell | UK | For writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought |
| 1950 | Peace | Ralph Bunche | USA | For mediation in Palestine |
| 1901 | Physics | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | Germany | For extraordinary services he rendered by discovery of remarkable rays subsequently named after him |
| 1901 | Chemistry | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | Netherlands | For extraordinary services he rendered by discovery of laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure |
| 1901 | Medicine | Emil Adolf von Behring | Germany | For work on serum therapy and victory over diphtheria |
| 1901 | Literature | Sully Prudhomme | France | For special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect |
| 1901 | Peace | Henry Dunant | Switzerland | For founding the Red Cross and proposing the Geneva Convention |
| 1901 | Peace | Frédéric Passy | France | For founding and leading the French peace society |